Detection of cardiac abnormalities in elite black and white athletes: still not black and white.

Comparison of ECG Criteria for the Detection of Cardiac Abnormalities in Elite Black and White Athletes

The Dependency of Colorimetric Characteristics of Black Fabrics to the Whiteness Attribute of Substrate

In this paper the effect of whiteness attribute of white substrates on blackness property of black coated fabrics is investigated. To this aim, four cotton fabrics with different whiteness and tint attributes are used as white substrates. To prepare a set of black samples, various concentrations of four color pigments, i.e., red, green, blue and yellow, were mixed with the black one and applied...

Comparison of electrocardiographic criteria for the detection of cardiac abnormalities in elite black and white athletes.

BACKGROUND Recent efforts have focused on improving the specificity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes. These criteria are derived predominantly from white athletes (WAs) and do not account for the effect of Afro-Caribbean ethnicity or novel research questioning the relevance of several isolated ECG patterns. We assessed the impact of the ESC...

Exercise Physiology Ethnic Differences in Physiological Cardiac Adaptation to Intense Physical Exercise in Highly Trained Female Athletes

Background—Ethnicity is an important determinant of cardiovascular adaptation in athletes. Studies in black male athletes reveal a higher prevalence of electric repolarization and left ventricular hypertrophy than observed in white males; these frequently overlap with those observed in cardiomyopathy and have important implications in the preparticipation cardiac screening era. There are no rep...

Ethnic differences in physiological cardiac adaptation to intense physical exercise in highly trained female athletes.

BACKGROUND Ethnicity is an important determinant of cardiovascular adaptation in athletes. Studies in black male athletes reveal a higher prevalence of electric repolarization and left ventricular hypertrophy than observed in white males; these frequently overlap with those observed in cardiomyopathy and have important implications in the preparticipation cardiac screening era. There are no rep...